二谛 – Chinese philosophy and culture
èrdì 二谛 Satyadvaya / Two Truths 两个层面上的真实。“谛”即真实不虚的道理。“二谛”一般指真谛和俗谛,分别又称胜义谛和世俗谛,即在终极本质和世间现象两个层面上各成立一种真实。这一分疏真理的方法始于阿毗达摩类的经典:世俗层面指名言表象,而胜义层面指真实存在的诸法,对应于不同的认知境界。二谛的思想被大乘经典广泛运用,主要指:一切事物在本性的层面上是空,但表现为纷繁的现象(似乎是“有”)。又《中论》言“诸佛依二谛,为众生说法”,其中俗谛指任何名言表诠,包括佛陀的教诲,相应的胜义谛则指超言绝象的真实。基于上述说法,隋代时,释吉藏(549—623)综合各个层面的二谛,发展为“四重二谛”;释智(yǐ,538—597)则将空假胜俗二谛与中道相接,统合为“三谛”。 Satya means unfailing truth in Sanskrit. Satyadvaya refers to truth at two levels: paramārtha-satya (the ultimate truth), which is based on the absolute nature, and -satya (the conventional truth), based on worldly phenomena. This division of truth according to the level of cognition originates in the canonical Abhidharma works, where names, words, appearances, and […]
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