Chinese Classical Literature

Ancient Chinese fable – Baboons

古代寓言原是民间口头创作,文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人,可以是动物,也可以是无生物。多借用比喻手法,使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现,而还需要自己去理解,思考,这就是和西方寓言的不同之处。 《古代寓言·猩猩》 猩猩知往而不知来。山谷间,常树十为群。里人以酒并糟设于路侧,织草为屐,更相连结。猩猩见酒及屐,知里人设张,则知张者祖先姓字,乃呼名云,奴欲张我,舍而去。后自再三,相谓曰:“试共尝酒。”及饮其味,逮乎醉。因取屐着之而踬。乃为人擒,无遗者。 Baboons In the valleys in the south there are savage baboons which always go in groups. The local people, knowing their ways, place wine dregs by the roadside, and a string of straw sandals across the road. On seeing the wine and sandals, the baboons set up a loud clamour and turn […]

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Ancient Chinese fable – The Kingfisher

古代寓言原是民间口头创作,文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人,可以是动物,也可以是无生物。多借用比喻手法,使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现,而还需要自己去理解,思考,这就是和西方寓言的不同之处。 《古代寓言·翠鸟》 翠鸟先高作巢以避患。及生子,爱之,恐坠,稍下作巢。予长羽毛,复益爱之,又更下巢,而人遂得而取之矣。 ——《谭概》 The Kingfisher The kingfisher is a timid bird. It always builds its nest high up in the tree as a protection against danger. When the fledglings hatch, it is so apprehensive for fear they should fall that it builds the nest lower down. When their feathers begin to appear, it becomes

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Sikong Tu: Motion ~ 司空图·《二十四诗品·流动》 with English Translations

司空图(837年—907年),河中虞乡(今山西运城永济)人。字表圣,自号知非子,又号耐辱居士。晚唐诗人、诗论家。司空图成就主要在诗论,《二十四诗品》为不朽之作。《全唐诗》收诗三卷。 司空图·《二十四诗品·流动》 若纳水輨,如转丸珠。 夫岂可道,假体如愚。 荒荒坤轴,悠悠天枢。 载要其端,载同其符。 超超神明,返返冥无。 来往千载,是之谓乎。 Motion Like a whirling water-wheel, Like rolling pearls,– Yet how are these worthy to be named? They are but illustrations for fools. There is the mighty axis of Earth, The never-resting pole of Heaven; Let us grasp their clue, And with them be blended in One, Beyond

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Lu Chi: Finding Form ~ 陆机·《文赋·文风》 with English Translations

《文赋》是晋代陆机的文艺理论作品。该赋序言说明创作缘由和意图,指出“意不称物,文不逮意”的困惑,认为对写作的认识,虽然可以借览前人的经验,但主要靠个人在实践中摸索。 陆机·《文赋·文风》 若夫丰约之裁,俯仰之形。因宜适变,曲有微情。或言拙而喻巧,或理朴而辞轻。或袭故而弥新,或沿浊而更清。或览之而必察,或研之而后精。譬犹舞者赴节以投袂,歌者应弦而遣声。是盖轮扁所不得言,故亦非华说之所能精。 Finding Form Lu Chi Know when the work should be full, and when it should be compacted. Know when to life your eyes and when to scrutinize. Adapt to occasions as they arise; permit emotions to be subtle. When the language is common, the image must be telling. When the thinking is

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Ancient Chinese fable – Grinding an Iron Pestle into a Needle

古代寓言原是民间口头创作,文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人,可以是动物,也可以是无生物。多借用比喻手法,使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现,而还需要自己去理解,思考,这就是和西方寓言的不同之处。 《古代寓言·铁杵磨针》 李白少读书,未成,弃去。道逢老妪磨杵,白问其故。曰:“欲作针。”白感其言。遂卒业。 ——《潜确类书》 Grinding an Iron Pestle into a Needle A schoolboy was playing truant in the street when he saw an old woman grinding an iron pestle on a stone. Being curious, he asked her what she was doing. “I am going to grind it into a needle to sew cloth with,” answered

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Ancient Chinese fable – The Low Stool

古代寓言原是民间口头创作,文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人,可以是动物,也可以是无生物。多借用比喻手法,使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现,而还需要自己去理解,思考,这就是和西方寓言的不同之处。 《古代寓言·矮凳》 家有一坐头,绝低矮,迂公每坐,必取瓦片支其四足。后不胜烦,忽思得策,呼侍者,移置楼上坐。 及坐时,低为故,乃曰:“人言楼高,浪得名耳。” ——《雅谑》 The Low Stool Yu Gong had a very low stool. When he wanted to sit on it, he always placed bricks under each leg. Later he found it very troublesome and hit upon an idea. He ordered a servant to take it upstairs. But when he sat on it again,

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Hsieh Ling-yün: In Hsin-An, Setting out from the River’s Mouth at T’ung-Lu ~ 谢灵运·《初往新安至桐庐口》 with English Translations

《初往新安至桐庐口》是南朝宋诗人谢灵运创作的一首五言古诗,写于作者赴永嘉途中永初三年,经过新安桐庐口的时间大概在七八月之交,故诗中多写秋季景色及观感。 谢灵运·《初往新安至桐庐口》 絺綌虽凄其,授衣尚未至。 感节良已深,怀古亦云思。 不有千里棹,孰申百代意。 远协尚子心,遥得许生计。 既及冷风善,又即秋水驶。 江山共开旷,云日相照媚。 景夕群物清,对玩咸可憙。 In Hsin-An, Setting out from the River’s Mouth at T’ung-Lu Hsieh Ling-yün Cold cutting through thin openwork robes and not yet time for gifts of winter clothes: this season always pitches me into depths all grief-clotted thoughts of ancient times. I’ll never sail on thousand-mile oars

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Hsieh Ling-yün: Overnight at Stone-Gate Cliffs ~ 谢灵运·《夜宿石门》 with English Translations

谢灵运于宋景平元年(423年)辞去永嘉太守之职,回到始宁的祖居,又营造了一些新的庄园别墅,其一在石门山上(今浙江嵊县境内)。这首诗写的是诗人夜宿于石门别墅的岩石上的所闻。 谢灵运·《夜宿石门》 朝搴苑中兰,畏彼霜下歇。 暝还云际宿,弄此石上月。 鸟鸣识夜栖,木落知风发。 异音同至听,殊响俱清越。 妙物莫为赏,芳醑谁与伐。 美人竟不来,阳阿徒晞发。 Overnight at Stone-Gate Cliffs Hsieh Ling-yün I spent the morning digging out orchids, afraid frost would soon leave them dead, passed the night among fringes of cloud, savoring a moon up beyond all this rock, chortles telling me birds have settled in, falling leaves giving away fresh

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Ancient Chinese fable – Laugh with Others

古代寓言原是民间口头创作,文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人,可以是动物,也可以是无生物。多借用比喻手法,使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现,而还需要自己去理解,思考,这就是和西方寓言的不同之处。 《古代寓言·笑的一定不错》 瞽者与人同坐。人有所见而笑,瞽者亦笑。或问汝何所见而笑?瞽答曰:“诸君所笑,定然不差,难道是骗我的。” ——《笑赞》 Laugh with Others A blind man was in the company of others. When his companions saw something funny, they laughed. The blind man laughed, too. When they asked him why he was laughing, the blind man replied, “Since you laugh, there must be something worth laughing at. Can you be cheating

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Ancient Chinese fable – A Good Man Is Easy to Bully

古代寓言原是民间口头创作,文学体裁的一种。含有讽喻或明显教训意义的故事。它的结构简短。主人公可以是人,可以是动物,也可以是无生物。多借用比喻手法,使富有教训意义的主题或深刻的道理在简单的故事中体现,而还需要自己去理解,思考,这就是和西方寓言的不同之处。 《古代寓言·神像和好人》 乡村路口,有一神庙,乃是木雕之像。一人行路,因遇水沟,就将此神放倒,踏着过水。后有一人看见,心内不忍,将神扶在座上。 此神说他不供香火,登时就降他头痛之灾。 判官小鬼都禀道:“踏着大王过水的倒没事,扶起来的倒降灾,何也?” 这神说:“你不知道,只是善人好欺负。” ——《笑赞》 A Good Man Is Easy to Bully In the temple by the roadside of a village there was a wooden image of a deity. A man passing by found a ditch across his path, so he pulled down the image and placed it over the ditch as a

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